China Cotton Institute: National cotton preparation and seeding technology

At present, it is the period of preparation and broadcasting of cotton. Since the end of March, the national cotton planting has started. On March 11th, the author accepted an interview with the Central People's Broadcasting Station, Voice of China Rural, Dr. Agriculture Online, and the interviews are now compiled for reference.

First, how many climatic conditions are there in China?

As we all know, according to the ecological and production conditions, China's commodity cotton planting areas are divided into the Yangtze River Basin, the Yellow River Basin, the Northwest Inland and the Liaohe River Basin, among which the Liaohe Cotton Area has a small proportion. Different cotton areas have different spring climates, and the characteristics are as follows:

In the Yangtze River Basin, there are many rainy, humid, low temperature and low sunshine in the spring; the main unfavorable factors are the rotten buds caused by low temperature and high humidity; the long-term low temperature and rainy seedlings are heavy, and there are dead seedlings.

The Yellow River Basin is dry and rainless in spring, with rapid temperature rise and more sunshine. The main unfavorable factors are drought, and there is a saying that “spring rain is as expensive as oil”; it needs irrigation and ostomy before sowing, and there is also a low temperature cold wave, which is easy to rot and rot; the spring is windy and easy to pick up the mulch.

Inland in the northwest is desert oasis agriculture, irrigate cotton; spring temperature rises rapidly, and the temperature difference between day and night is large. The main unfavorable factors are strong cold wave and low temperature freezing damage, often with strong wind and dust to pick up the mulch.

Second, what are the steps in preparing cotton for cultivation? What is the difference between different cotton fields?

At present, during the preparation period, cotton production has the following steps:

1. Prepare enough seeds. The amount of seeding is closely related to planting density and precision seeding. The Yangtze River Basin is sparsely planted, and the breeding and transplanting hybrids are 0.3-0.4 kg/mu. The density in the Yellow River Basin is 3,000-4,000 plants/mu, and the seeding rate is 2 kg/mu. The high-density planting in the northwest has a harvest density of 12,000 to 20,000 plants/mu, and the precision seeding is 2 to 3 kg/mu. The amount of seeds purchased is generally 10% more than the amount of seeding, in preparation for replanting. Before planting, you should plant seeds to increase the germination potential and promote quick emergence.

2. Prepare sufficient agricultural resources. Including prepared fertilizers, mulch, agricultural film, pesticides, fungicides and herbicides, as well as drip irrigation pipes.

3. Overhaul agricultural machinery. Including maintenance of agricultural machinery and transformer facilities, maintenance of wells, dredging ditch and canal, to ensure smooth flow.

4. There are differences in the preparation of different cotton areas. For example, the Yangtze River should prepare seedling transplanting materials. In recent years, the Ministry of Agriculture has promoted light and simple seedling transplanting. It is necessary to prepare seedling materials including seedling substrates, plugs and root-promoting agents, etc., and farmers who use “generation and planting” should place orders. The Yellow River Basin promotes the removal of grass film, and the promotion of wide film coverage in the northwest requires the purchase of wide films.

Third, how to choose cotton?

The farmer said that it is good to plant good seedlings, and half of the seedlings are produced. Therefore, it is necessary to select good varieties and good seeds in production.

The first is to select and certify the varieties and to verify the legitimacy of the varieties. The second is to select the leading varieties promoted by the Ministry of Agriculture. The leading varieties have a large increase in production, stable yield and strong resistance. There are also recommended leading varieties in various places, please ask the farmers to see the instructions and then buy. The second is to buy seeds from large companies, large companies have credit guarantees; invoices and other documents are left at the time of purchase. The third is to choose the coat. The coated seeds have been carefully selected to remove the scorpions, leaving the seeds full of nutrients, and also containing fungicides and insecticides, providing a possibility for seeding whole seedlings and preventing diseases and pests.

In recent years, the Ministry of Agriculture has organized the selection of leading varieties. This year, there are 14 leading varieties of cotton, which are divided into regions according to the region: the Yangtze River Basin is dominated by Zhongmian Institute 63, Ezamian No. 10 F1, Tongza 411F1 and Suza 3, all of which are resistant to insects. Cotton hybrids. The main varieties in the Yellow River Basin include Lumianyan 28, Zhongmian Institute 41, Zhongzhimian No. 2, Zhongmian Institute 50, Lumianyan 21 and Yanmian 958, all of which are conventional insect-resistant varieties. The dominant species in the northwest inland, Xinluzao 36 and Xinluzao 42 in northern Xinjiang, and Xinluzhong 35 and Zhongmian 49 in southern Xinjiang are all non-insect resistant conventional varieties. Farmers friends buy seeds to buy coated clothes. The clothes are carefully selected to remove the scorpions, leaving the seeds full of nutrients, and also containing fungicides, as well as insecticides, providing a possibility for a full seedling. .

Fourth, how to achieve a full seedling?

The first seedling and the strong seedling early hair are important signs for cotton production to achieve a good start. On the basis of the prepared seeds, the following main measures must be taken to achieve the full seedling:

1. Make a sputum before sowing. The irrigation capacity of the Yellow River is 60 cubic meters per mu, and the amount of irrigation in the northwest is 80-100 cubic meters per acre. When the topsoil is whitish, it means that the mouth is good, then grasp the land preparation, the soil preparation steps are ploughing and hoeing, and the winter tumbling land only needs to be smashed. It is necessary to add a residual film recycling operation, pick up the residual film, take it out of the field or bury it, or buy waste.

2, fine land preparation, fine ground and fine. The soil is clean, free of debris, no residual film, good mouth and mouth.

3. Sowing at the right time and advocating proper early sowing. National cotton planting began in late March and lasted until the end of April, about one month. Seedling transplanting continues until late May.

Timely sowing temperature standard: when 5 cm of ground temperature is stable through 12 ° C, and rise to 14 ° C in a short period of time is the temperature condition for timely sowing. Sowing at a suitable temperature requires only 7 to 10 days from sowing to emergence. In production, you can take the cold tail warm seeding. In the sowing season, it is necessary to observe the ground temperature. It is necessary to look at the weather and pay attention to the weather forecast. The ground temperature of the coastal saline-alkali land is slow to rise, and it is generally planted after the suitable sowing period.

Sowing several links: First, the depth of seeding, the general sowing depth is 2 to 3 cm, when the mouth is planted to a depth of 2 cm, when the mouth is insufficient, or sandy loam soil, the sowing depth is 3 cm. The second is to plant according to the planned density, the seeding method has a hole sowing, 1 to 2 capsules per hole; the stripping requires the line, the hole sowing and the strip sowing all require continuous ridges and no shortage of points. The third is the problem of planting joint operations. Joint operations such as sowing, mulching, drip irrigation, and application of herbicides are required to compact the sides of the mulch and prevent winds from rising. The fourth is to check while sowing to prevent leakage.

4. Management after broadcast. First, it is necessary to prevent the wind from picking up the mulch and compacting the sides of the mulch. The second is to grab the time to put seedlings and prevent high temperature burning. Third, we must check the seedlings to replant, so that there is no shortage of seedlings and ridges. Fourth, we must sparse seedlings to prevent seedlings and seedlings. Fifth, we must weed and weed, and raise the ground temperature. Six to prevent pests and diseases, to preserve seedlings.

5, seedling transplanting. The seedling bed should be made with nutrient seedlings, the nutrient soil should be fertilized, the nutrient soil should be prepared, and 2,500 plants per mu will be transplanted. It is necessary to build a greenhouse and a seedbed by adopting a light and simple seedling method; if the method of purchasing cotton seedlings is to be placed early with the nursery enterprise. Sowing time of seedbed: The planting period of wheat (oil) field is at the end of March, and the oil (wheat) is transplanted in the middle and late April.

V. The Ministry of Agriculture selects 7 key technologies

Light and simple seedling transplanting is suitable for cotton areas in the Yangtze and Yellow River basins; slow-release fertilizer is suitable for cotton areas in the Yangtze River Basin; anti-predatory cotton anti-premature aging and saline-alkali planting cotton are suitable for cotton areas in the Yellow River Basin; wide membrane cover, drip irrigation under film and suitable for cotton mining Northwest inland cotton area.

(China Cotton Information Network)