Cotton aphid

With the adjustment of the planting structure, the area of ​​wheat and cotton in two areas has developed rapidly, and the double expansion of grain and cotton has been achieved. However, some problems have also been exposed, that is, the suitable sowing period of wheat is positive for the flower harvesting period of cotton. The sowing method has many adverse effects on the growth and development of wheat, such as small seedlings, weak seedlings, easy freezing, poor root development, low yield and low stability. If the time is taken, the application of the single-bar wheat cultivation method before and after the frost can better solve this contradiction. The main cultivation techniques are as follows:

First, timely extraction of firewood, timely twirling cotton as a warm crop, the temperature of the cotton bolls below 15 °C no longer gain weight, while wheat is more cold-tolerant, about 15 °C for wheat germination and seedling growth is appropriate. Therefore, when the temperature drops to about 15 °C on October 15-20, the cottonwood is removed, and the wheat is vacated in time, so that the cotton production is not reduced. For the late cotton field, the appropriate amount of ethephon can be sprayed at the appropriate time. The time should be in the first ten days of October. Generally, 40% ethephon is used in 100-150 ml, 40-50 kg for clear water, and the cotton boll is sprayed evenly over 35 days. on. At the same time, in order to shorten the sowing time, we must do the "five robbing" work, that is, grab the firewood, grab the fertilizer, plough the plough, grab the hoe, and rush to sow. Before pulling the wood, you should send the soil fertilizer to the ground, and you should pour the water to the bottom. Then, with the firewood, with the fertilization, and with the ploughing, it is necessary to change the cotton stalks to the ploughing and ploughing wheat to facilitate loosening the soil and preventing the wheat bushes.

Second, the rational combination of interplanting methods The rational principle of matching the interplanting method is: planting good wheat, taking good care of cotton, planting this year, optimistic about next year, in order to improve economic efficiency, to achieve high yield of grain and cotton. In the plain irrigated land conditions, fertile land, you can use the "four two" type, the unit with poor water pouring conditions and master certain management techniques can choose "three two" type, wheat field interplanting nutrition, summer cotton called rice Trinity. The four-two-type bandwidth is 1.6 meters, and the whole process is high and low. Four rows of wheat are sown in a low raft of 0.5-0.6 meters. The sorghum back is 1 to 1.1 meters wide, and two rows of cotton are interplanted. The two-two type is 1.5 meters each at 0.5 meters. The low-lying stalks of three rows of wheat, sorghum 1.0 m wide, sowing two rows of cotton. The Sany-style bandwidth is 1 meter with three rows of wheat, and the back is 0.6 meters wide. It is a set of cotton or wheat, and each set of three rows is planted with summer cotton.

Third, the implementation of single-crop cultivation wheat single-rod cultivation is a high-yield late-season cultivation method based on main stems and spikes. It is a new way to create high-yield cotton buckwheat, which has late sowing, no late maturity, no density, no lodging, etc. Outstanding features, usually 15 to 20% higher than conventional cotton aphid. The maximum yield per mu can reach more than 600 kg, and its technical points are:

1. Selection of late-maturing, early-maturing and compact varieties According to recent experiments and production practices, the wheat varieties suitable for single-crop cultivation in western Liaoning and southwestern Liaoning are Liaomai No.1, Liaomai No.15 and Liaomai No.16. , Shaanxi 7859, buckwheat 5418 and so on.

2. The application of multiple fertilizers for basic fertilizers and less nitrogen application for cottonseeds Because of the large amount of soil nutrients consumed by the former sorghum, the base fertilizer must be applied before ploughing. Generally, the high-quality soil mixed fertilizer is 3000-4000 kg, and the superphosphate is 50-75. Kilograms, potassium chloride 10 to 15 kg, seed fertilizer (urea) 2.5 kg. The high-fertility block base fertilizer may not be applied with nitrogen fertilizer. If the fertility is low, the nitrogen fertilizer may be applied as appropriate, but it does not exceed 1/3 of the nitrogen fertilizer amount in the whole growth period.

3. The appropriate seeding of the foot and the foot is the key link of the whole seedling, uniform seedling and strong seedling of wheat, especially for the safe wintering of cotton buckwheat seedlings and wheat seedlings, because under the conditions of late sowing and low temperature, The germination rate of seeds is low, and the emergence of seedlings is slow. If there are shortages of seedlings and ridges, it is difficult to replant seeds. Only the seedlings of the foot can be used to obtain the initiative to produce stable and high yields. It can be solved by spraying the “Mengtou Water” immediately after the sowing. Different cultivation methods have different suitable sowing dates. The average daily temperature is 12-16 °C (pre-winter accumulated temperature 250-550 °C) is the best sowing period, and the southern Liaoning area is generally before and after frost.

4. Increasing the basic seedlings, reducing the row spacing and increasing the basic seedlings is one of the most important technical links in the single-crop cultivation of cotton buckwheat. It is required to reach or approach the number of suitable panicles of the high-yield cultivation of the variety to achieve the seedlings. Generally, the basic seedlings of multi-ear type are 55-600,000, the basic seedlings of medium-ear type are 40-45 million, and the large-ear type is 35-45 million. Due to the high density of single-rod cultivation, the early stage is prone to overcrowding and late stage. The wheat plant type is relatively compact, and it is prone to light leakage between rows. In order to coordinate the inconsistency, the line spacing should be minimized, generally about 15 cm, and the maximum is no more than 18 cm.

5. Spring fertilizer management The appropriate delay in controlling the time of fertilizer and watering is the key to the success of single-crop cultivation. The single-crop cultivation wheat generally does not need to be topdressed and watered before winter. After returning to green, it will continue to control the fertilizer and water until the jointing stage, according to the growth of the seedlings. To arrange fertilizer water, low soil fertility, weak growth, timely use of fertilizer water in the jointing period, high-fertility land, seedlings strong fertilizer water is further postponed to the flag leaf tip, the acres of urea 25 to 25 kg. In the case of top dressing, the first water is mixed. In the case of drought, the second water can be poured during the flowering and filling period.

6. Do a good job in the prevention and control of pests and diseases and all the seed dressings before the foliar spray fertilizer. In the later stage, combine the control of the ear mites with potassium dihydrogen phosphate and photosynthetic micro-fertilizer for foliar spray fertilizer to increase the grain weight.